伊拉克加入湿地公约

伊拉克加入湿地公约

伊拉克正式加入了湿地公约（2月初生效）。列在公约附录上的重要湿地就是著名的米索不达米亚湿地，“沼泽阿拉伯人”的家园：

Hawizeh Marsh (Haur Al-Hawizeh). 17/10/07; Basra, Amara; 137,700 ha; 31°25'N 047°38'E. The Hawizeh Marshes are an integral part of the Mesopotamian marshlands complex centered at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. A transboundary wetland, the marshes are ca.75-80% located in Iraq and extend partly into the Islamic Republic of Iran, where they are known as Hawr Al-Azim. Representing the only significant area to have survived recent drainage actions and the most intact part of the original Mesopotamian system, they are a biodiversity reservoir of priority importance for conservation. The results of recent reflooding have been promising so far, and many displaced Ma'dan or Marsh Arabs have returned to resume their traditional ancient ways of life. The site is of international importance as a staging and wintering area for at least 79 species of waterfowl and 9 species of birds of prey on their way between Western Siberia/Central Asia and eastern and southern Africa. The northern half of the marsh was never completely dried and is being used as a reference for monitoring the flora and fauna of the newly re-inundated southern sector. The effects of extensive drainage in the 1990s and warfare destruction, as well as dam-building activities upstream in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, are seen as the chief potential threats to the site. Ramsar site no. 1718.

bird 2008-1-29 18:24

以前还真没注意底格里斯河是Tigris，和老虎的学名是同一个词呀。

人类的发源地（圣经中的）和人类文明的发源地（考古和文献的）现在也是国际重要湿地了。

Simba 2008-1-30 00:18

就好像我也是最近才留意到胡杨的英文名称是Euphrates Poplar，就是“幼发拉底杨”。

底格里斯这条“老虎河”应该是希腊人的译名讹误，大概是听波斯人的Tigra河（尖牙河？）误传的（今天阿拉伯语也叫它做Dijla河）。咦，又是西方和伊朗？原来是那么多年的死对头......

bird 2008-2-4 13:44

当然是多年的老对头了，要不然怎么会有马拉松和斯巴达三百壮士呢。后来的安息帝国和波斯萨桑王朝也是罗马帝国的主要对手。我比较奇怪为什么波斯历代王朝主要都是和西方邻国发生较大的冲突，而和东方的邻国印度似乎争端不很多？因为二者都是东方雅利安人所统治？还是因为印度缺少强势王朝，不像西方那样对波斯称霸造成阻碍？印度形成孔雀王朝这样的强势王朝的时候，波斯被亚历山大灭掉了，而亚历山大东征印度又半途生病，导致这个历史上罕有的印度强势王朝和西方强势王朝之间的争端没有了结果。在波斯产生的宗教和经过波斯传播的宗教倒是对印度的影响比较大，当年作为波斯国教的拜火教现在都只好在印度求得生存了，而在印度的波斯人也自称是最正宗的波斯人。

[ 本帖最后由 bird 于 2008-2-4 13:51 编辑 [/i]]

Simba 2008-2-4 23:34

[quote]原帖由 [i]bird 于 2008-2-4 13:44 发表 [url=http://www.chinabirdnet.org/BBS/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=3543&ptid=753][/url]

当然是多年的老对头了，要不然怎么会有马拉松和斯巴达三百壮士呢。后来的安息帝国和波斯萨桑王朝也是罗马帝国的主要对手。我比较奇怪为什么波斯历代王朝主要都是和西方邻国发生较大的冲突，而和东方的邻国印度似乎争端不 ... [/quote]

大概是帝国之间特别容易发生争斗摩擦吧，而且热带地方可能气候和疾病都是令人却步的因素。中国历史上也是跟塞外打仗多，很少对东南亚地区动武的。