关注海鸟的锐减

关注海鸟的锐减

到现在这已经不算是新闻了，远洋渔业的误捕继续令海鸟如信天翁等锐减。中国现在的远洋渔船不断增多，我们也应该正视这个问题，与其他国家地区共同商议保护海鸟的方法。

这几年也开始有使用人造卫星追踪了解海鸟的季节性行动与分布。

http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2009/05/seabird_tracking.html[/url]

Stopping seabirds going under

05-05-2009

Even among disheartening conservation statistics, those for seabirds don’t look good. With devastating deaths and fishing bycatch indicated as a critical problem, 80% of marine bird species are in decline. BirdLife’s Global Seabird Programme is working to curb the destructive effect of this interaction with fisheries, and – with a generous grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation – are supporting a series of satellite-tracking projects.

Within seabirds, albatrosses and petrels are particularly at risk. They are slow-maturing and breed infrequently, raising only a single chick. “The loss of a few birds can have serious implications”, said Dr Ben Sullivan – BirdLife’s Global Seabird Programme Coordinator.

The main cause of these birds’ demise is longline fishing. Boats cast fishing lines behind them - some over 100 km long with thousands of baited hooks. Birds swarm to the baits, get hooked and are subsequently drowned. “We estimated more than 100,000 albatrosses die each year”, warned Dr Sullivan.

“The loss of a few birds can have serious implications” —Dr Ben Sullivan, BirdLife’s Global Seabird Programme Coordinator

Knowing how the longline fisheries and seabird populations overlap is an important step in minimising this threat. “Tracking data are so important”, said Helen Booker, Senior Policy Officer with BirdLife’s Global Seabird Programme. “With it we can really demonstrate to the Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) exactly where the problems are and where mitigation measures urgently need to be put in place”.

Completing more of the knowledge of albatrosses’ and petrels’ movements is what it’s hoped these new projects will achieve. For example, On Marion Island (South Africa) scientists from the British Antarctic Survey - in conjunction with the Percy FitzPatrick Institute and Marine and Coastal Management (South Africa) - are currently fitting Grey Petrel Procellaria cinerea with satellite tags. "The results of this tracking study will help to collect the first at-sea distribution data for this Near Threatened seabird", added Helen Booker.

In total, three albatross and five petrel species in the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans will be tracked over the next two years. The species include Spectacled Petrel Procellaria conspicillata (Vulnerable), Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca and Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche carteri (both Endangered).

The birds will be tracked using satellite transmitters. These are attached to their backs using salt water–resistant cloth tape and send a signal, at intervals, to passing satellites. The satellites then work out the position of the transmitter and relay it to a ground station.

“Tracking data are so important” —Helen Booker, Senior Policy Officer with BirdLife’s Global Seabird Programme

“Having gained a greater understanding of where the birds are most at risk, simple and cheap strategies - such as bird scaring devices on bait lines and setting lines when birds are least likely to be feeding - can greatly help to reduce bycatch”, noted Dr Sullivan.

The first birds - Grey Petrel Procellaria cinerea (Near Threatened) - are currently being tagged on Marion Island, part of South Africa's Cape of Good Hope Province in the southern Indian Ocean. “Determining the at-sea distribution of seabirds like Grey Petrel through tracking studies and the interaction with longline fisheries is crucial for their conservation”, added Dr Sullivan.

Teams of scientists are now gearing up for seabird tracking studies over the next two years, and are benefiting seabird conservation by reporting their findings to BirdLife’s Global Seabird Programme. “We thank and wish good luck to all the scientists who are undertaking tracking work and providing us with data to help conserve the world’s seabirds”, concluded Helen Booker.

張嘉穎 2009-5-7 09:49

相信有參加過武漢和福州的組織發展培訓與交流活動的鳥友, 也從ken smith 身上得知這可悲的消息吧...:1b38f9e2

风入松 2009-5-7 11:11

长线捕鱼在中国的危害有研究成果吗？也许我可以把它作为2011年自豪项目的主题，尝试通过在社区的工作缓解这一威胁。

对啦，2010年我们的自豪项目的主题关注东亚澳大利西亚的候鸟迁徙路线，得到国家林业局湿地中心的支持，已经接到大量这一地区的湿地保护机构的申请，主要威胁集中在鸟类捕猎，湿地污染（农业原因）和过度捕鱼，我们会根据申请情况有针对性地开展工作。

也欢迎Simba对East-asian austrialian Flyway工作的组织推介我们的项目啊。

Simba 2009-5-7 12:43

[quote]原帖由 风入松 于 2009-5-7 11:11 发表 [url=http://www.chinabirdnet.org/BBS/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=7832&ptid=1267]

长线捕鱼在中国的危害有研究成果吗？也许我可以把它作为2011年自豪项目的主题，尝试通过在社区的工作缓解这一威胁。

对啦，2010年我们的自豪项目的主题关注东亚澳大利西亚的候鸟迁徙路线，得到国家林业局湿地中心的支持，已经 ... [/quote]

延绳（长线）渔业在中国海域引起的危害应该不大，因为延绳渔业主要捕捞的对象是大洋里的金枪鱼，在中国海域捕鱼主要是布网，对小型海鸟影响较大。中国的海域有的信天翁只有两种，讽刺的是，几十年前短尾信天翁是世界上最濒危的信天翁（主要因为繁殖地里人口稠密的亚洲很近，最受滥捕威胁），但现在它确是数量慢慢恢复的一种，因为北太平洋没有延绳渔业的问题。从前“偏远”的南半球信天翁，现在差不多所有种类都受到绝种威胁。

信天翁在中国虽不受危害，但会受到渔业发展的影响，现在世界上主要的远洋金枪鱼渔船都是亚洲船舶（大陆、台湾、韩国、日本）、鱼产的主要市场也是亚洲，所以我们对保护信天翁还是责任重大的。